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Modeling of semi-rigid beam-to-column steel joints under extreme loading

C FANG, B A IZZUDDIN, A Y ELGHAZOULI, D A NETHERCOT

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2013年第7卷第3期页码 245-263 doi: 10.1007/s11709-013-0215-9

摘要： Joints play an important role in providing ductility for steel-composite structures subject to extreme loading conditions, such as blast, fire and impact. Due to sound energy dissipation capability and fabrication efficiency, semi-rigid joints have increasingly received attention during the last decade. This paper presents a component approach for modeling semi-rigid beam-to-column joints based on Eurocode3, where the post-elastic response, including component strain hardening and ultimate rotational capacity, is also considered. Failure criteria are defined based on the ultimate deformation capacity of components and bolt-rows. The model enables a direct integration of joint response into global frame models with the consideration of axial deformability, such that the interaction between bending moment and axial force within the joints can be realistically captured. In addition, elevated temperature can be considered in the joint model via the degradation of the component response. Through comparisons with available test data, the joint model is shown to have good accuracy, and the failure criteria are found to be reliable yet conservative. The strain hardening response of components is shown to have significant influence on the ultimate bending capacity of the joints, while neglecting it usually leads to a conservative prediction.

关键词： semi-rigid joint component method ductility elevated temperature

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中国极端降水和高温历史变化及未来趋势

舒章康,李文鑫,张建云,金君良,薛晴,王银堂,胡庆芳,王国庆

《中国工程科学》 2022年第24卷第5期页码 116-125 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2022.05.014

摘要：

在全球变暖背景下，我国极端事件频发，了解和掌握极端事件的时空变化，合理预估极端事件的未来趋势，可为制定区域气候变化适应策略提供理论依据。本文利用CN05.1 全国网格气象数据和第六次国际耦合模式比较计划（CMIP6）的11 种全球气候模式，分析了我国1975—2014 年历史极端降水和高温事件的演变特征，研判了2015—2054 年极端事件的变化情况，提出了应对极端事件的政策建议。结果表明：① 1975—2014 年，全国强降水量呈现由西北向东南依次增加‒ 减少‒增加的空间格局，胡焕庸线以东地区极端降水风险和危险性较大；在选取的两种对比情景下，2015—2054 年，我国极端降水将普遍增多趋强，其中华北和东北地区极端降水事件增幅较大，西北地区强降水量将进一步增加。② 我国1975—2014 年暖夜日数和暖昼日数均呈显著增加趋势，暖夜日数增幅高于暖昼日数增幅；在选取的两种对比情景下，2015—2054 年，我国极端高温事件将显著增加，西北、西南和华南等地区的高温热浪风险增幅最大。为减缓气候变化影响和应对未来极端事件风险，应进一步提升洪涝灾害和高温热浪风险应对和应急管理能力，强化国际合作并因地制宜制定相关适应气候变化战略，以防范和应对全球变暖引起的极端灾害。

关键词：气候变化；极端事件；CMIP6；极端灾害应对

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The critical role of autophagy in plant responses to abiotic stresses

Yu WANG,Jie ZHOU,Jingquan YU

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第4卷第1期页码 28-36 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2017130

摘要： Autophagy is an evolutionary conserved recycling process in eukaryotes whereby intracellular components are engulfed by autophagosomes, which are subsequently transferred to the vacuoles for further degradation and reuse. In organisms like yeast and metazoans, autophagy is actively engaged during environmental perturbation either by degrading denatured proteins and organelles or by interfacing with stress related signaling molecules. Studies over the last decade have also revealed numerous important mechanisms where autophagy is widely involved in plant abiotic stress responses. Autophagy serves as a pivotal route for nutrient remobilization by the degradation of superfluous or damaged cellular cytoplasmic material and organelles. It is also reported to regulate the accumulation of reactive oxygen species, to maintain the cellular redox balance of plants under stressful conditions. Furthermore, autophagy is essential in regulating cellular toxicity by removing aggregated and/or denatured proteins and thereby improving plant stress tolerance. In this review, recent advances in our understanding of autophagy, along with pathways and regulatory networks through which it influences many aspects of plant growth and development in response to nutrient starvation, oxidative stress, osmotic stress and extreme temperatures are discussed.

关键词： abiotic stresses autophagy extreme temperature nutrient starvation osmotic stress oxidative stress

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strength prediction and optimization design of sustainable concrete based on squirrel search algorithm-extreme

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》页码 1310-1325 doi: 10.1007/s11709-023-0997-3

摘要： Concrete is the most commonly used construction material. However, its production leads to high carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions and energy consumption. Therefore, developing waste-substitutable concrete components is necessary. Improving the sustainability and greenness of concrete is the focus of this research. In this regard, 899 data points were collected from existing studies where cement, slag, fly ash, superplasticizer, coarse aggregate, and fine aggregate were considered potential influential factors. The complex relationship between influential factors and concrete compressive strength makes the prediction and estimation of compressive strength difficult. Instead of the traditional compressive strength test, this study combines five novel metaheuristic algorithms with extreme gradient boosting (XGB) to predict the compressive strength of green concrete based on fly ash and blast furnace slag. The intelligent prediction models were assessed using the root mean square error (RMSE), coefficient of determination (R²), mean absolute error (MAE), and variance accounted for (VAF). The results indicated that the squirrel search algorithm-extreme gradient boosting (SSA-XGB) yielded the best overall prediction performance with R² values of 0.9930 and 0.9576, VAF values of 99.30 and 95.79, MAE values of 0.52 and 2.50, RMSE of 1.34 and 3.31 for the training and testing sets, respectively. The remaining five prediction methods yield promising results. Therefore, the developed hybrid XGB model can be introduced as an accurate and fast technique for the performance prediction of green concrete. Finally, the developed SSA-XGB considered the effects of all the input factors on the compressive strength. The ability of the model to predict the performance of concrete with unknown proportions can play a significant role in accelerating the development and application of sustainable concrete and furthering a sustainable economy.

关键词： sustainable concrete fly ash slay extreme gradient boosting technique squirrel search algorithm parametric analysis

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基于极限学习机的电动汽车锂离子动力电池外部短路热模型研究 Article

杨瑞鑫, 熊瑞, Weixiang Shen, Xinfan Lin

《工程（英文）》 2021年第7卷第3期页码 395-405 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2020.08.015

摘要：

锂离子动力电池外部短路（ESC）是电动汽车常见且严重的电气故障之一。为此，本文提出了一种新型电池热模型以准确刻画动力电池外部短路发生后的温度行为。主要工作如下：在不同电池荷电状态和环境温度下，设计并系统地开展了动力电池外部短路实验；为保证模型参数的物理意义和模型的精准性，利用集总参数热模型替换经典极限学习机中的激活函数，构建了基于极限学习机的电池热（ELMT）模型，实现了模型无需迭代调节参数和模型参数就可以具备物理属性的双重优势，极大提高了模型计算效率与准确度；为了评估模型改进的必要性，比较了极限学习机热模型与遗传算法参数化的多集总参数热（MLT）模型。结果表明，ELMT模型相比MLT模型具有更优异的计算效率以及拟合、预测精度。其中，ELMT模型拟合和预测电池温度的均方根误差分别为0.65 ℃和3.95 ℃，MLT模型拟合和预测电池温度的均方根误差分别为3.97 ℃和6.11 ℃。

关键词：电动汽车电池安全外部短路温升预测极限学习机

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气候变暖背景下的极端天气气候事件与防灾减灾

翟盘茂,刘静

《中国工程科学》 2012年第14卷第9期页码 55-63

摘要：

首先概括极端天气气候事件以及“气候极值”的相关定义，并把极端事件分为单要素的极端事件、与天气现象有关的极端事件、多要素极端事件和极端气候事件。在此基础上，总结上述几类极端事件在气候变暖背景下的变化趋势及影响。指出气候变暖背景下我国长江中下游区域强降水事件更趋频繁，我国东部地区高温热浪天气更为明显；东北华北地区干旱趋势增加，尤其在20世纪末期和21世纪初期最为明显；近10年来西南地区干旱频繁发生。为减轻日益增加的重大气象灾害的损失，我国有必要加强高影响极端事件的监测、预警能力建设，同时还必须根据极端天气气候事件变化规律加强工程性防御措施，以防范和应对强降水引发的洪涝灾害和城市渍涝，以及与降水持续不足有关的重大干旱和高温热浪等气象灾害。

关键词：极端气候指数高影响气象灾害工程

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Concrete corrosion in wastewater systems: Prediction and sensitivity analysis using advanced extreme

Mohammad ZOUNEMAT-KERMANI, Meysam ALIZAMIR, Zaher Mundher YASEEN, Reinhard HINKELMANN

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第2期页码 444-460 doi: 10.1007/s11709-021-0697-9

摘要： The implementation of novel machine learning models can contribute remarkably to simulating the degradation of concrete due to environmental factors. This study considers the sulfuric acid corrosive factor in wastewater systems to simulate concrete mass loss using five machine learning models. The models include three different types of extreme learning machines, including the standard, online sequential, and kernel extreme learning machines, in addition to the artificial neural network, classification and regression tree model, and statistical multiple linear regression model. The reported values of concrete mass loss for six different types of concrete are the target values of the machine learning models. The input variability was assessed based on two scenarios prior to the application of the predictive models. For the first assessment, the machine learning models were developed using all the available cement and concrete mixture input variables; the second assessment was conducted based on the gamma test approach, which is a sensitivity analysis technique. Subsequently, the sensitivity analysis of the most effective parameters for concrete corrosion was tested using three different approaches. The adopted methodology attained optimistic and reliable modeling results. The online sequential extreme learning machine model demonstrated superior performance over the other investigated models in predicting the concrete mass loss of different types of concrete.

关键词： sewer systems environmental engineering data-driven methods sensitivity analysis

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极端条件下材料化学和输运性质的第一原理研究 Review

John S. Tse

《工程（英文）》 2019年第5卷第3期页码 421-433 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2019.01.008

摘要：

地球是一个动态系统。从常温常压到地核的360 GPa 和6600 K，地球的热力学状态随着深度的变化而发生很大变化。因此，地球成分（如硅酸盐和碳酸盐矿物）的物理和化学性质受其所处环境的显著影响。在过去的30 年中，在极端条件下的材料表征的实验技术和理论模拟方法都取得了巨大的进步。这些进步提升了我们对矿物特性的理解，这对于充分认识这个星球的形成及其生命起源至关重要。本文回顾了用于预测极端条件下材料性质的最新计算技术，本研究仅限于应用第一原理分子动力学（first principle molecular dynamics, FPMD）方法研究与地球科学相关的化学和热力学输运过程。

关键词：高压高温地幔分子动力学密度泛函方法输运性质化学反应

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compressive strength of concrete containing micro-silica, nano-silica, and polypropylene fibers using extreme

Fatemeh ZAHIRI, Hamid ESKANDARI-NADDAF

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第13卷第4期页码 821-830 doi: 10.1007/s11709-019-0518-6

摘要： Many studies have evaluated the effects of additives such as nano-silica (NS), micro-silica (MS) and polymer fibers on optimizing the mechanical properties of concrete, such as compressive strength. Nowadays, with progress in cement industry provides, it has become possible to produce cement type I with strength classes of 32.5, 42.5, and 52.5 MPa. On the one hand, the microstructure of cement has changed, and modified by NS, MS, and polymers; therefore it is very important to determine the optimal percentage of each additives for those CSCs. In this study, 12 mix designs containing different percentages of MS, NS, and polymer fibers in three cement strength classes(CSCs) (32.5, 42.5, and 52.5 MPa) were designed and constructed based on the mixture method. Results indicated the sensitivity of each CSCs can be different on the NS or MS in compressive strength of concrete. Consequently, strength classes have a significant effect on the amount of MS and NS in mix design of concrete. While, polymer fibers don’t have significant effect in compressive strength considering CSCs.

关键词： mixture method compressive strength nano-silica micro-silica polypropylene fibers

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Liquid metal enabled combinatorial heat transfer science: toward unconventional extreme cooling

Xiao-Hu YANG, Jing LIU

《能源前沿（英文）》 2018年第12卷第2期页码 259-275 doi: 10.1007/s11708-017-0521-3

摘要： As a class of newly emerging material, liquid metal exhibits many outstanding performances in a wide variety of thermal management areas, such as thermal interface material, heat spreader, convective cooling and phase change material (PCM) for thermal buffering etc. To help mold next generation unconventional cooling technologies and further advance the liquid metal cooling to an ever higher level in tackling more extreme, complex and critical thermal issues and energy utilizations, a novel conceptual scientific category was dedicated here which could be termed as combinatorial liquid metal heat transfer science. Through comprehensive interpretations on a group of representative liquid metal thermal management strategies, the most basic ways were outlined for developing liquid metal enabled combined cooling systems. The main scientific and technical features of the proposed hybrid cooling systems were illustrated. Particularly, five abstractive segments toward constructing the combinatorial liquid metal heat transfer systems were clarified. The most common methods on innovating liquid metal combined cooling systems based on this classification principle were discussed, and their potential utilization forms were proposed. For illustration purpose, several typical examples such as low melting point metal PCM combined cooling systems and liquid metal convection combined cooling systems, etc. were specifically introduced. Finally, future prospects to search for and make full use of the liquid metal combined high performance cooling system were discussed. It is expected that in practical application in the future, more unconventional combination forms on the liquid metal cooling can be obtained from the current fundamental principles.

关键词： combinatorial heat transfer liquid metal high flux cooling thermal management

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超大规模并行计算：瓶颈与对策 None

Ze-yao MO

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2018年第19卷第10期页码 1251-1260 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1800421

摘要：超大规模数值模拟极大依赖并行计算能力。从计算规模、计算效率和编程生产率3个维度，系统分析了超大规模并行计算能力的主要瓶颈，提出亟待研究的若干关键技术问题和技术对策。本文对推动数值模拟软件计算能力与超级计算机峰值性能的同步提升具有参考价值。

关键词：超大规模；数值模拟；并行计算；超级计算机

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Analysis and design of steel-concrete composite sandwich systems subjected to extreme loads

Kazi Md Abu SOHEL, Jat Yuen Richard LIEW, Min Hong ZHANG

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2011年第5卷第3期页码 278-293 doi: 10.1007/s11709-011-0120-z

摘要： This paper presents the design guide based on analytical, numerical and experimental investigation of Steel-concrete-steel (SCS) sandwich structural members comprising a lightweight concrete core with density ranged from 1300 to 1445 kg/m subjected to static, impact and blast loads. The performance of lightweight sandwich members is also compared with similar members with normal weight concrete core and ultra high strength concrete core ( = 180 MPa). Novel J-hook shear connectors were invented to prevent the separation of face plates from the concrete core under extreme loads and their uses are not restricted by the concrete core thickness. Flexural and punching are the primary modes of failure under static point load. Impact test results show that the SCS sandwich panels with the J-hook connectors are capable of resisting impact load with less damage in comparison than equivalent stiffened steel plate panels. Blast tests with 100 kg TNT were performed on SCS sandwich specimens to investigate the key parameters that affect the blast resistance of SCS sandwich structure. Plastic yield line method is proposed to predict the plastic capacity and post peak large deflection of the sandwich plates. Finally, an energy balanced model is developed to analyze the global behavior of SCS sandwich panels subjected to dynamic load.

关键词： blast load composite structure impact load lightweight concrete sandwich plate J-hook connector

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极限工程——产品开发和制造中的极化

Andrew Kusiak

《工程（英文）》 2021年第7卷第3期页码 282-284 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2020.01.012

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卡特里娜飓风的启示——有关海洋和水利工程的风险分析

刘德辅,庞亮,谢波涛,史宏达,逯义军

《中国工程科学》 2007年第9卷第10期页码 24-29

摘要：

2005年卡特里娜（Katrina）和丽塔（Rita）飓风对美国新奥尔良市和佛罗里达东部海岸带来的灾难性破坏，验证了笔者在20世纪80年代初期提出的复合极值分布理论及其对上述海域飓风强度预测结果的正确性。以此为鉴，讨论了海岸、近海、水利和城市防灾工程中引入不确定性分析和多维联合概率理论进行风险分析的必要性。

关键词：卡特里娜飓风复合极值分布多维复合极值分布不确定性分析海洋风险分析

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Large deflection behavior effect in reinforced concrete columns exposed to extreme dynamic loads

Masoud ABEDINI, Azrul A. MUTALIB, Chunwei ZHANG, Javad MEHRMASHHADI, Sudharshan Naidu RAMAN, Roozbeh ALIPOUR, Tohid MOMENI, Mohamed H. MUSSA

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第14卷第2期页码 532-553 doi: 10.1007/s11709-020-0604-9

摘要： Reinforced concretes (RC) have been widely used in constructions. In construction, one of the critical elements carrying a high percentage of the weight is columns which were not used to design to absorb large dynamic load like surface bursts. This study focuses on investigating blast load parameters to design of RC columns to withstand blast detonation. The numerical model is based on finite element analysis using LS-DYNA. Numerical results are validated against blast field tests available in the literature. Couples of simulations are performed with changing blast parameters to study effects of various scaled distances on the nonlinear behavior of RC columns. According to simulation results, the scaled distance has a substantial influence on the blast response of RC columns. With lower scaled distance, higher peak pressure and larger pressure impulse are applied on the RC column. Eventually, keeping the scaled distance unchanged, increasing the charge weight or shorter standoff distance cause more damage to the RC column. Intensive studies are carried out to investigate the effects of scaled distance and charge weight on the damage degree and residual axial load carrying capacity of RC columns with various column width, longitudinal reinforcement ratio and concrete strength. Results of this research will be used to assessment the effect of an explosion on the dynamic behavior of RC columns.

关键词： RC column scaled distance blast load LS-DYNA